Ganglionic Stimulants and Blockers
Introduction / Overview Brief Introduction to the Topic Ganglionic agents encompass both stimulants and blockers that modulate transmission within autonomic ganglia. These…
Topic Archive
Category: Uncategorized
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Neuromuscular Blockers)
Introduction/Overview Brief Introduction Skeletal muscle relaxants, commonly referred to as neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), are a class of drugs that inhibit the…
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene
1. Introduction/Overview Dantrolene sodium represents a distinct class of muscle relaxants that act directly upon the skeletal muscle contractile apparatus. It was…
Local Anesthetics (Esters and Amides)
Introduction / Overview Local anesthetics constitute a fundamental class of drugs employed to achieve reversible, site‑specific loss of sensation during invasive procedures.…
Chapter: Histamine and H1 Antagonists
1. Introduction/Overview Histamine, a biogenic amine, functions as an essential mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. It exerts its effects through four…
Serotonin (5‑Hydroxytryptamine) and Serotoninergic Drugs
Introduction / Overview Serotonin (5‑hydroxytryptamine, 5‑HT) is a biogenic monoamine that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a modulator of peripheral…
Prostaglandins and Thromboxanes
Introduction Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are members of the prostanoid family, derived from arachidonic acid and functioning as local autocrine or paracrine mediators.…
Leukotrienes and Platelet‑Activating Factor (PAF): Comprehensive Review
Introduction Leukotrienes (LTs) and platelet‑activating factor (PAF) represent pivotal lipid mediators that orchestrate a spectrum of inflammatory and physiological processes. While leukotrienes…
Non‑Selective Non‑Steroidal Anti‑Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Salicylates and Propionic Acid Derivatives
Introduction / Overview Non‑selective NSAIDs comprise a broad class of agents that inhibit cyclo‑oxygenase (COX) enzymes and thereby reduce the synthesis of…
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors
1. Introduction / Overview Selective cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) inhibitors represent an important class of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) designed to reduce inflammation, pain,…